{"id":450,"date":"2026-03-07T13:32:56","date_gmt":"2026-03-07T05:32:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/?p=450"},"modified":"2026-03-07T13:32:56","modified_gmt":"2026-03-07T05:32:56","slug":"ansible-automate-debian-server-deployment-from-scratch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/?p=450","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Ansible\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u90e8\u7f72Debian\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a\u4ece\u96f6\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u6279\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9e\u6218"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u4f7f\u7528Ansible\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u90e8\u7f72Debian\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a\u4ece\u96f6\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u6279\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9e\u6218<\/h1>\n<h2>\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n<p>\u516c\u53f8\u9700\u4e3a\u7535\u5546\u65b0\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e0a\u7ebf\u5feb\u901f\u90e8\u7f7250\u53f0Debian\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u7edf\u4e00\uff08\u5305\u62ecSSH\u5bc6\u94a5\u3001\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5b89\u88c5\uff09\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u3002\u624b\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u4e14\u8017\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u9009\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u89c4\u6a21\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\uff1a\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u566850\u53f0\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5355\u6b21\u6279\u91cf\u90e8\u7f72\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc710\u53f0\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u5835\u3002\n<strong>\u56e2\u961f\u534f\u4f5c\u8fb9\u754c<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd0\u7ef4\u56e2\u961f\u8d1f\u8d23Ansible playbook\u7f16\u5199\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u56e2\u961f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e94\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u56e2\u961f\u786e\u4fddSSH\u53ef\u8fbe\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u8ba1\u5212<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c1\u5929<\/strong>\uff1a\u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907\u4e0eSSH\u5bc6\u94a5\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210Ansible\u63a7\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c2\u5929<\/strong>\uff1aplaybook\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u5355\u673a\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u5982apt\u6e90\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c3\u5929<\/strong>\uff1a\u7070\u5ea6\u90e8\u7f72\u52305\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u89c2\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c4\u5929<\/strong>\uff1a\u6279\u91cf\u90e8\u7f72\u5269\u4f5945\u53f0\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u9a8c\u6536\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c5\u5929<\/strong>\uff1a\u590d\u76d8\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u5e76\u6587\u6863\u5f52\u6863\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h2>\n<h3>\u73af\u5883\u7ea6\u675f<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Ansible\u7248\u672c\u22652.9\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u4e3aUbuntu 20.04\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3aDebian 11\uff0cSSH\u7aef\u53e3\u9ed8\u8ba422\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u65e0\u5bc6\u7801SSH\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u89d2\u8272\u5206\u5de5<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7f16\u5199playbook\uff0cIT\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6267\u884c\u90e8\u7f72\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u547d\u4ee4\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u811a\u672c\u4efb\u52a1<\/h3>\n<p>\u4efb\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u811a\u672c\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u751f\u6210SSH\u5bc6\u94a5\u5e76\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash language-bash bash\"># \u5728\u63a7\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u751f\u6210SSH\u5bc6\u94a5\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff09\nssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 -N &#039;&#039; -f ~\/.ssh\/id_rsa\n# \u5c06\u516c\u94a5\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5047\u8bbeIP\u5217\u8868\u5728hosts.txt\u4e2d\nwhile read ip; do ssh-copy-id -i ~\/.ssh\/id_rsa.pub root@$ip; done &lt; hosts.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u7f16\u5199Ansible playbook <code>deploy_servers.yml<\/code>\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u7247\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-yaml language-yaml yaml\">---\n- name: Deploy and Configure Debian Servers\n  hosts: all\n  become: yes\n  tasks:\n    - name: Update apt cache\n      apt:\n        update_cache: yes\n        cache_valid_time: 3600\n    - name: Install required packages\n      apt:\n        name: [&#039;curl&#039;, &#039;vim&#039;, &#039;net-tools&#039;]\n        state: present\n    - name: Create deploy user with sudo privileges\n      user:\n        name: deploy\n        groups: sudo\n        append: yes\n        shell: \/bin\/bash\n    - name: Copy SSH authorized keys for deploy user\n      authorized_key:\n        user: deploy\n        key: &quot;{{ lookup(&#039;file&#039;, &#039;~\/.ssh\/id_rsa.pub&#039;) }}&quot;\n    - name: Restart SSH service to apply changes\n      service:\n        name: ssh\n        state: restarted<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code>hosts: all<\/code>\uff1a\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4\uff0c\u4eceinventory\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>become: yes<\/code>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528sudo\u6743\u9650\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>cache_valid_time: 3600<\/code>\uff1aapt\u7f13\u5b58\u6709\u6548\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u79d2\uff09\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u5982\u5148\u66f4\u65b0\u518d\u5b89\u88c5\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>\u521b\u5efainventory\u6587\u4ef6 <code>inventory.ini<\/code>\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-ini language-ini ini\">[debian_servers]\nserver1 ansible_host=192.168.1.101\nserver2 ansible_host=192.168.1.102\n# \u66f4\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u5668...<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u90e8\u7f72\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash language-bash bash\">ansible-playbook deploy_servers.yml -i inventory.ini --limit 5  # \u7070\u5ea6\u90e8\u7f725\u53f0\nansible-playbook deploy_servers.yml -i inventory.ini            # \u6279\u91cf\u90e8\u7f72\u6240\u6709<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u5e94\u5bf9<\/strong>\uff1aAnsible\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u65f6\u964d\u7ea7\u52302.8\uff1b\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8d85\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e <code>-T 30<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u811a\u672c\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u8fc7\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u56de\u6eda\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<p>\u90e8\u7f72\u540e\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SSH\u767b\u5f55\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<code>ansible all -i inventory.ini -m ping<\/code> \u68c0\u67e5\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a<code>ansible all -i inventory.ini -m shell -a &#039;dpkg -l | grep curl&#039;<\/code> \u786e\u8ba4\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u4e8e <code>\/var\/log\/ansible.log<\/code>\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u90e8\u7f72\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u4e0a\u7ebf\u89c2\u5bdf\u9879<\/strong>\uff1a\u76d1\u6d4bCPU\/\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\uff08\u9608\u503c\uff1aCPU&lt;80%\uff0c\u5185\u5b58&lt;90%\uff09\uff0cSSH\u670d\u52a1\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4&lt;2\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u9a8c\u6536\u6807\u51c6<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6210\u529f\u7387\u6307\u6807<\/strong>\uff1a\u90e8\u7f72\u6210\u529f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6570\u226548\u53f0\uff08\u6210\u529f\u738796%\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e73\u5747\u90e8\u7f72\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece\u624b\u52a82\u5c0f\u65f6\u7f29\u77ed\u81f315\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7528\u6237 <code>deploy<\/code> \u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u5177\u5907sudo\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u65e0\u914d\u7f6e\u6f02\u79fb\u3002\n<strong>\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6e05\u5355<\/strong>\uff1aplaybook\u6587\u4ef6\u3001inventory\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u9a8c\u6536\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u590d\u76d8\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9e\u9645\u90e8\u7f7250\u53f0\uff0c\u6210\u529f49\u53f0\uff08\u5931\u8d251\u53f0\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u8d85\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u90e8\u7f72\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u574714\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u738785%\u3002\n<strong>\u5e38\u89c1\u5751<\/strong>\uff1aSSH\u5bc6\u94a5\u5206\u53d1\u5931\u8d25\u9700\u68c0\u67e5\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff1bAnsible\u4efb\u52a1\u987a\u5e8f\u9519\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u6279\u91cf\u90e8\u7f72\u65f6\u7f51\u7edc\u8d1f\u8f7d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5206\u6279\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u3002\n<strong>\u7070\u5ea6\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a\u5148\u90e8\u7f725\u53f0\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u65e0\u5f02\u5e38\u540e\u518d\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>--limit<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e0a\u7ebf\u540e\u8bc4\u4f30<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6210\u672c\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u66f4\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u6210\u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66\uff08\u5982Prometheus\uff09\u548cCI\/CD\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u89e6\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u4e1a\u52a1\u6269\u5bb9\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u4e2d\u578b\u7535\u5546\u516c\u53f8\u5feb\u901f\u90e8\u7f7250\u53f0Debian\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u901a\u8fc7Ansible\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5b9e\u6218\uff0c\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907\u5230\u6279\u91cf\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790\u90e8\u7f72\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u98ce\u9669\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0e\u9a8c\u6536\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u90e8\u7f72\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece2\u5c0f\u65f6\u7f29\u77ed\u81f315\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[141],"tags":[142,103,143,89,16],"class_list":["post-450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux-","tag-ansible","tag-automation","tag-debian","tag-devops","tag-linux"],"views":148,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=450"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":480,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450\/revisions\/480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}