{"id":457,"date":"2026-03-07T13:09:55","date_gmt":"2026-03-07T05:09:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/?p=457"},"modified":"2026-03-07T13:09:55","modified_gmt":"2026-03-07T05:09:55","slug":"huawei-router-network-monitoring-snmp-prometheus-loop-detection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/?p=457","title":{"rendered":"\u534e\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\uff1a\u90e8\u7f72SNMP\u548cPrometheus\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u8def\u7531\u73af\u8def\u6392\u969c\u590d\u76d8"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u534e\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\uff1a\u90e8\u7f72SNMP\u548cPrometheus\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u8def\u7531\u73af\u8def\u6392\u969c\u590d\u76d8<\/h1>\n<h2>\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u8de8\u5730\u57df\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u534e\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6784\u5efa\u57fa\u4e8eOSPF\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u9aa8\u5e72\uff0c\u9700\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u8def\u7531\u73af\u8def\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7f51\u7edc\u762b\u75ea\u3002\u73af\u8def\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8def\u7531\u91cd\u5206\u53d1\u6216\u7b56\u7565\u914d\u7f6e\u5f15\u53d1\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002\u672c\u65b9\u6848\u90e8\u7f72SNMP\u66b4\u9732\u8def\u7531\u5668\u63a5\u53e3\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u8def\u7531\u8868\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7Prometheus\u6536\u96c6\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5e76\u5728Grafana\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5f53\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u73af\u8def\u8ff9\u8c61\uff08\u5982TTL\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u8def\u7531\u632f\u8361\uff09\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u89e6\u53d1\u544a\u8b66\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6545\u969c\u68c0\u6d4b\u65f6\u95f4\u5c0f\u4e8e5\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u8bef\u62a5\u7387\u4f4e\u4e8e5%\u3002\u73af\u5883\u7ea6\u675f\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u62d3\u6251\u5305\u62ec3\u53f0\u534e\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff08\u578b\u53f7AR\u7cfb\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u8fd0\u884cOSPF\u533a\u57df0\uff0cIP\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a192.168.1.0\/24\u81f3192.168.3.0\/24\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u89d2\u8272\u5206\u5de5<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u534e\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5668SNMP\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76d1\u63a7\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\uff1a\u90e8\u7f72Prometheus\u3001Grafana\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u7406\uff1a\u534f\u8c03\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u548c\u9a8c\u6536\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u9879\u76ee\u8282\u594f<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b2c1\u5468\uff1a\u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907\u548cSNMP\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c2\u5468\uff1aPrometheus\u548cGrafana\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c3\u5468\uff1a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u7070\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7ebf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c4\u5468\uff1a\u5168\u91cf\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u590d\u76d8\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h2>\n<h3>\u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907\u4e0e\u62d3\u6251\u5047\u8bbe<\/h3>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u4e2d\uff0c\u534e\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5668R1\uff08IP 192.168.2.1\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u914d\u7f6eOSPF\u90bb\u5c45\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u652f\u6301SNMP v2c\uff0c\u5e76\u5df2\u5f00\u542fSSH\u8bbf\u95ee\u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u987a\u5e8f\uff1a\u5148\u914d\u7f6eSNMP\uff0c\u518d\u90e8\u7f72\u76d1\u63a7\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>SNMP\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u534e\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7CLI\u914d\u7f6eSNMP\u66b4\u9732\u63a5\u53e3\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5982ifOperStatus\uff09\u548c\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff08ipRouteTable\uff09\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u6d4b\u73af\u8def\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u4f7f\u7528snmp-agent\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u793e\u533a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash language-bash bash\"># \u5728\u534e\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6eSNMP v2c\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e3a &#039;monitor_community&#039;\uff08\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\uff09\nsnmp-agent community read monitor_community\nsnmp-agent sys-info version all\nsnmp-agent target-host trap address udp-domain 192.168.2.100 params securityname monitor_community v2c<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4ece\u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u884csnmpwalk\u547d\u4ee4\u68c0\u67e5SNMP\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash language-bash bash\">snmpwalk -v2c -c monitor_community 192.168.2.1 .1.3.6.1.2.1.4.21<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a-v2c \u6307\u5b9aSNMP\u7248\u672c\uff0c-c \u540e\u8ddf\u793e\u533a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c.1.3.6.1.2.1.4.21 \u662fIP\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684OID\u3002\u9884\u671f\u8f93\u51fa\u5e94\u663e\u793a\u8def\u7531\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u82e5\u65e0\u54cd\u5e94\u5219\u68c0\u67e5\u9632\u706b\u5899\u6216ACL\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>Prometheus\u90e8\u7f72\u4e0e\u6307\u6807\u6536\u96c6<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08Ubuntu 20.04\uff09\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5Prometheus\uff0c\u914d\u7f6escrape job\u4ece\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6536\u96c6SNMP\u6307\u6807\u3002\u4f7f\u7528snmp_exporter\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u8f6c\u6362SNMP\u6570\u636e\u4e3aPrometheus\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u7247\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-yaml language-yaml yaml\"># Prometheus\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 prometheus.yml \u4e2d\u7684scrape\u914d\u7f6e\nscrape_configs:\n  - job_name: &#039;huawei_snmp&#039;\n    static_configs:\n      - targets: [&#039;192.168.2.1&#039;]\n    params:\n      module: [if_mib, ip_route]\n    relabel_configs:\n      - source_labels: [__address__]\n        target_label: __param_target\n      - source_labels: [__param_target]\n        target_label: instance\n      - target_label: __address__\n        replacement: &#039;localhost:9116&#039;  # snmp_exporter\u5730\u5740<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u5f53Prometheus\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u8def\u7531\u8868\u53d8\u5316\u9891\u7387\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1\u5206\u949f\u5185\u8def\u7531\u66f4\u65b0\u6b21\u6570\u8d85\u8fc710\u6b21\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u6f5c\u5728\u73af\u8def\u3002\u9608\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a\u5728Prometheus\u89c4\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49 alert \u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982 <code>increase(ipRouteChanges{device=&quot;192.168.2.1&quot;}[1m]) &gt; 10<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>Grafana\u544a\u8b66\u4e0e\u4e0a\u7ebf\u89c2\u5bdf\u9879<\/h3>\n<p>\u5bfc\u5165Grafana\u4eea\u8868\u677fJSON\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u9053\uff08\u5982\u90ae\u4ef6\u6216Slack\uff09\u3002\u4e0a\u7ebf\u89c2\u5bdf\u9879\uff1a\u76d1\u63a7\u73af\u8def\u68c0\u6d4b\u544a\u8b66\u89e6\u53d1\u6b21\u6570\u3001\u8bef\u62a5\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u9700\u4eba\u5de5\u590d\u6838\uff09\u3001Prometheus\u6293\u53d6\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff08\u76ee\u6807 &lt; 30\u79d2\uff09\u3002\u9a8c\u6536\u6807\u51c6\uff1a\u90e8\u7f72\u540e\u4e00\u5468\u5185\uff0c\u6545\u969c\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u964d\u81f33\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u8bef\u62a5\u7387\u63a7\u5236\u52302%\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u5e94\u5bf9<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>SNMP\u793e\u533a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6cc4\u9732\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u548cACL\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u6e90IP\uff0c\u5982\u914d\u7f6e <code>snmp-agent community read monitor_community acl 2000<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff1a\u4f18\u5316Prometheus scrape\u95f4\u9694\u4e3a15\u79d2\uff0c\u5e76\u90e8\u7f72\u5197\u4f59\u76d1\u63a7\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bef\u914d\u7f6e\u5f15\u53d1\u8bef\u62a5\uff1a\u7070\u5ea6\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u5148\u5728\u975e\u6838\u5fc3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5168\u7f51\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u9a8c\u6536\u6807\u51c6<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e1a\u52a1\u6307\u6807\uff1a\u8def\u7531\u73af\u8def\u68c0\u6d4b\u65f6\u95f4 &lt; 5\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u8bef\u62a5\u7387 &lt; 5%\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6280\u672f\u6307\u6807\uff1aSNMP\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4  99%\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6e05\u5355\uff1aSNMP\u914d\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u6863\u3001Prometheus\u914d\u7f6eYAML\u3001Grafana\u4eea\u8868\u677fJSON\u3001\u6545\u969c\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u590d\u76d8\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e0a\u7ebf\u540e\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1a\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u63a7\u6210\u529f\u6355\u83b7\u4e00\u6b21\u7531\u9519\u8bef\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u73af\u8def\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a2\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u8bef\u62a5\u73871.5%\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u5751\uff1aSNMP OID\u6620\u5c04\u9519\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u9700\u6821\u51c6snmp_exporter\u6a21\u5757\uff1bPrometheus\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u5b58\u50a8\u53c2\u6570\u540e\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u600e\u4e48\u63a5\u5165\u4e1a\u52a1\uff1a\u5c06\u544a\u8b66\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u4f01\u4e1aSlack\u9891\u9053\u548cITSM\u5de5\u5355\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u89e6\u53d1\u6545\u969c\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u6307\u5bfc\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8de8\u5730\u57df\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u90e8\u7f72\u534e\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684SNMP\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408Prometheus\u548cGrafana\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u8def\u7531\u73af\u8def\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b9e\u64cd\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u98ce\u9669\u5e94\u5bf9\u548c\u4e0a\u7ebf\u590d\u76d8\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5feb\u901f\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u9760\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,152],"tags":[167,169,92,170,168],"class_list":["post-457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-8","category-152","tag-huawei","tag-network-monitoring","tag-prometheus","tag-routing-loop","tag-snmp"],"views":153,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/457","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=457"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/457\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":460,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/457\/revisions\/460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=457"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=457"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}