\n| \u5bf9\u79f0\u578b<\/td>\n | \u6bcf\u4e2a(\u5185\u90e8IP:\u7aef\u53e3, \u76ee\u6807IP:\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3)\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u5916\u90e8\u7aef\u53e3<\/td>\n | STUN\u57fa\u672c\u65e0\u6548<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5751\u6b7b\u6211\u4e86\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5ba2\u6237\u7aefA: 192.168.1.100:18000 → STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668:3478\n NAT\u6620\u5c04: 192.168.1.100:18000 → 198.51.100.5:18000\n\n\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefA: 192.168.1.100:18000 → PBX\u516c\u7f51IP:5060\n NAT\u6620\u5c04: 192.168.1.100:18000 → 198.51.100.5:20000 ← \u7aef\u53e3\u53d8\u4e86\uff01\n\n\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\n- FreeSWITCH\u5411 198.51.100.5:18000 \u53d1RTP\u5305\n- \u4f46\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u8981\u6c42\u5305\u5fc5\u987b\u6765\u81eaPBX\u4fa7\n- PBX\u53d1\u51fa\u7684RTP\u5305\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u662f20000\n- FreeSWITCH\u6536\u5230\u7684\u662f\u6765\u81ea20000\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u4f46\u671f\u671b\u7684\u662f18000\n- \u9632\u706b\u5899\/RTP\u5806\u6808\u53ef\u80fd\u4e22\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305<\/code><\/pre>\n\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7528nmap\u7684stun probe\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u4e2a\u5c0f\u811a\u672c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n #!\/usr\/bin\/env python3\nimport socket\nimport struct\n\ndef test_symmetric_nat(stun_server, internal_port):\n """\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT"""\n\n # \u6784\u9020STUN Binding Request\n msg = struct.pack('!HH', 0x0001, 0) # Type: Binding Request, Length: 0\n msg += b'\\x21\\x12\\xa4\\x42' # Magic Cookie\n msg += b'\\x00' * 12 # Transaction ID\n\n sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)\n sock.settimeout(3)\n\n # \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff1a\u5411STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\n sock.sendto(msg, (stun_server, 3478))\n try:\n resp1, addr1 = sock.recvfrom(1024)\n mapped1 = parse_mapped_address(resp1)\n except:\n return "STUN request failed"\n\n # \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff1a\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u5740\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u6a21\u62df\u5411PBX\u53d1\u5305\uff09\n # \u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7aef\u53e3\n sock2 = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)\n sock2.settimeout(3)\n sock2.sendto(msg, (stun_server, 3479)) # \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\n try:\n resp2, addr2 = sock2.recvfrom(1024)\n mapped2 = parse_mapped_address(resp2)\n except:\n mapped2 = mapped1 # \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aNAT\n\n # \u5982\u679c\u4e24\u6b21\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\n if mapped1[1] != mapped2[1]:\n return f"Symmetric NAT detected! Ports: {mapped1[1]} vs {mapped2[1]}"\n else:\n return f"Likely Cone NAT, mapped port: {mapped1[1]}"\n\ndef parse_mapped_address(resp):\n """\u89e3\u6790STUN\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684MAPPED-ADDRESS"""\n # \u7b80\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6790STUN\u5c5e\u6027\n # \u8fd9\u91cc\u5047\u8bbe\u54cd\u5e94\u5305\u542bXOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS\n return ("ext_ip", 18000) # \u5b9e\u9645\u89e3\u6790\u903b\u8f91\u7565<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u5199\u5b8c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u8dd1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u679c\u7136\u2014\u2014\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u51fa\u53e3\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u3002<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e94\u6b65\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bf9\u7aef\u4e0d\u56de\u5305<\/h3>\n\u590d\u76d8\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff1a<\/p>\n 1. FreeSWITCH(\u516c\u7f51203.0.113.50:18000) → INVITE → PBX\n2. PBX\u56de\u590d200 OK\uff0cSDP\u4e2dc=192.168.100.50\uff08\u79c1\u7f51\u5730\u5740\uff09\n3. FreeSWITCH\u770b\u5230\u5bf9\u7aef\u5728\u79c1\u7f51\uff0c\u5f00\u542fICE\u5019\u9009\u6536\u96c6\uff1a\n - \u672c\u5730\u5019\u9009: 192.168.50.10:18000\n - \u670d\u52a1\u5668reflexive\u5019\u9009: 198.51.100.5:18000\uff08STUN\u83b7\u53d6\uff09\n - \u4e2d\u7ee7\u5019\u9009: 58.215.x.x:50000\uff08TURN\u83b7\u53d6\uff09\n4. FreeSWITCH\u628a\u5019\u9009\u5217\u8868\u53d1\u7ed9PBX\n5. PBX\u4e0d\u652f\u6301ICE\uff0c\u53ea\u63a5\u53d7SDP\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u5740\n6. RTP\u5f00\u59cb\u4f20\u8f93\uff1a\n - FreeSWITCH\u5411SDP\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u5305\n - SDP\u4e2d\u662f\u79c1\u7f51\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5305\u88ab\u8def\u7531\u5230\u9632\u706b\u5899\n - \u9632\u706b\u5899\u505aNAT\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u6539\u53d8\n - PBX\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5305\u6e90\u5730\u5740\/\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u4e0d\u7b26\n - PBX\u7684RTP\u5806\u6808\u53ef\u80fd\u62d2\u7edd\u6216\u5ffd\u7565<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff1aPBX\u4e0d\u652f\u6301ICE\u3002ICE\uff08Interactive Connectivity Establishment\uff09\u662fRFC 8445\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u4ee4\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u591a\u79cd\u5019\u9009\u5730\u5740\uff08\u672c\u5730\u3001STUN\u53cd\u5c04\u3001TURN\u4e2d\u7ee7\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f46\u4f20\u7edfPBX\u4e0d\u652f\u6301ICE\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u8ba4SDP\u91cc\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u65b9\u6848\u53d6\u820d\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6700\u7ec8\u9009\u4e86TURN<\/h2>\n\u6392\u67e5\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5c40\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u6e05\u6670\u4e86\uff1a\u5bf9\u7aef\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\uff0cPBX\u53c8\u4e0d\u652f\u6301ICE\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740STUN\u76f4\u63a5\u7a7f\u900f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u627e\u522b\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u5217\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90fd\u505a\u4e86\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n \u65b9\u6848\u4e00\uff1a\u76f4\u8fde\uff08\u653e\u5f03\uff09<\/h3>\n\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u8ba9PBX\u62ff\u5230\u516c\u7f51IP\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u76f4\u8fde\u662f\u6700\u5e72\u51c0\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f46\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n \n- PBX\u5728\u5185\u7f51\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728B\u5730\u5927\u697c\u673a\u623f\uff0c\u6539IP\u9700\u8981\u8d70\u5ba1\u6279\u6d41\u7a0b<\/li>\n
- \u5373\u4f7f\u80fd\u6539\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd8\u6709\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5f00\u653eUDP\u7aef\u53e3\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u5168\u8bc4\u4f30<\/li>\n
- \u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u90a3\u8fb9\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u662f\u51fa\u53e3\u8bbe\u5907\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u662fPBX\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u76f4\u8fde\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u672a\u77e5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\u65b9\u6848\u4e8c\uff1a\u8ba9\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u628aNAT\u6539\u6210\u9525\u5f62\uff08\u653e\u5f03\uff09<\/h3>\n\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u8c03\u6574NAT\u7b56\u7565\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u518d\u8c03\u6574\u56de\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n \u6211\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u63a5\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u53cd\u9988\uff1a<\/p>\n \n- \u51fa\u53e3NAT\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5168\u7701\u7edf\u4e00\u8c03\u6574\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u5408\u89c4\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u5ba2\u6237\u56de\u9000<\/li>\n
- \u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u65b0\u4e0a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u542f\u7528\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u5916\u90e8\u5730\u5740\u4f2a\u9020\u653b\u51fb<\/li>\n
- \u5982\u679c\u8981\u8d70\u7279\u6b8a\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7701\u516c\u53f8\u5206\u7ba1\u9886\u5bfc\u7b7e\u5b57<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u8981\u8d70\u5ba1\u6279\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u6700\u5feb\u4e5f\u8981\u4e00\u5468\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u7d27\u6025\u6062\u590d\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\u65b9\u6848\u4e09\uff1a\u5347\u7ea7\/\u66f4\u6362PBX\uff08\u6682\u65f6\u6401\u7f6e\uff09<\/h3>\n\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6362\u4e00\u53f0\u652f\u6301ICE\u7684PBX\u662f\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n \n- \u5bf9\u65b9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u6781\u9ad8\uff0c\u6362PBX\u9700\u8981\u5272\u63a5\u7a97\u53e3<\/li>\n
- \u73b0\u6709PBX\u548c\u591a\u4e2a\u4e1a\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u5bf9\u63a5\uff0c\u66f4\u6362\u6d89\u53ca\u8054\u8c03\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/li>\n
- \u91c7\u8d2d\u6d41\u7a0b\u8981\u8d70\u62db\u6807\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u8fdc\u6c34\u89e3\u4e0d\u4e86\u8fd1\u6e34\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\u65b9\u6848\u56db\uff1aTURN\u4e2d\u7ee7\uff08\u91c7\u7528\uff09<\/h3>\nTURN\uff08Traversal Using Relays around NAT\uff09\u662fRFC 5766\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7f51\u4e2d\u7ee7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f6c\u53d1\u6240\u6709\u5a92\u4f53\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48TURN\u53ef\u884c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- TURN\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56NAT\u7a7f\u900f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u6d41\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u7ee7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u54cd<\/li>\n
- coturn\u662f\u5f00\u6e90\u7684TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u90e8\u7f72\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f4e<\/li>\n
- FreeSWITCH\u539f\u751f\u652f\u6301ICE-Lite\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u548ccoturn\u65e0\u7f1d\u5bf9\u63a5<\/li>\n
- \u4e2d\u7ee7\u65b9\u6848\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709PBX\u96f6\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u73b0\u6709\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d41\u7a0b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
TURN\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- \u6240\u6709RTP\u6d41\u90fd\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e2d\u7ee7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5355\u7a0b\u589e\u52a0\u7ea610-20ms\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/li>\n
- \u9700\u8981\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u72ec\u7acb\u7684TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/li>\n
- \u4e2d\u7ee7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6709\u5e26\u5bbd\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u5355\u53f0coturn\u7ea6\u80fd\u627f\u8f7d1000\u5e76\u53d1\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- \u70ed\u7ebf\u6bcf\u5929300\u901a\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u901a\u8bdd\u65f6\u957f\u7ea63\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc750<\/li>\n
- \u5ef6\u8fdf\u589e\u52a020ms\u5bf9\u8bed\u97f3\u901a\u8bdd\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\uff08\u4eba\u8033\u5bf9100ms\u4ee5\u5185\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\uff09<\/li>\n
- \u6210\u672c\u53ef\u63a7\uff0c\u4e00\u53f02\u68384G\u7684\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8db3\u591f\u8dd1coturn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u6700\u7ec8\u65b9\u6848\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n| \u65b9\u6848<\/th>\n | \u5b9e\u65bd\u5468\u671f<\/th>\n | \u6280\u672f\u98ce\u9669<\/th>\n | \u4e1a\u52a1\u5f71\u54cd<\/th>\n | \u7ed3\u8bba<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n | \n\n| \u76f4\u8fde<\/td>\n | \u672a\u77e5\uff08\u9700\u5ba1\u6279\uff09<\/td>\n | \u4f4e<\/td>\n | \u65e0<\/td>\n | \u6682\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u6539\u8fd0\u8425\u5546NAT<\/td>\n | \u7ea61\u5468<\/td>\n | \u4f4e<\/td>\n | \u65e0<\/td>\n | \u5468\u671f\u592a\u957f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u66f4\u6362PBX<\/td>\n | \u7ea63\u4e2a\u6708<\/td>\n | \u4e2d\uff08\u8054\u8c03\u98ce\u9669\uff09<\/td>\n | \u6709\uff08\u5272\u63a5\u7a97\u53e3\uff09<\/td>\n | \u957f\u671f\u65b9\u6848<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| TURN\u4e2d\u7ee7<\/td>\n | \u7ea62\u5c0f\u65f6<\/td>\n | \u4f4e<\/td>\n | \u65e0<\/td>\n | \u91c7\u7528<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n TURN\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d\u4e1a\u52a1\u3001\u98ce\u9669\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u90e8\u7f72coturn\u5e76\u914d\u7f6eFreeSWITCH<\/h2>\ncoturn\u90e8\u7f72<\/h3>\n# \u5b89\u88c5coturn\napt-get install coturn\n\n# \/etc\/turnserver.conf \u5173\u952e\u914d\u7f6e\nlistening-port=3478\nlt-cred-mech\nuser=freeswitch_relay:your_password_here\nrealm=media-relay\ntotal-quota=100\nbps-capacity=0\nstale-nonce=600\nno-stun\nno-cli\nverbose\n\n# \u542f\u52a8coturn\nsystemctl enable coturn\nsystemctl start coturn\n\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\nturnutils_uclient -u freeswitch_relay -w your_password_here -t turn.example.com<\/code><\/pre>\nFreeSWITCH\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n\u4fee\u6539FreeSWITCH\u7684SIP\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u542f\u7528ICE\u5019\u9009\u6536\u96c6\u5e76\u6307\u5411TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n <!-- \/etc\/freeswitch\/sip_profiles\/external.xml -->\n<profile name="external">\n\n<settings>\n <param name="aggressive-nat-detection" value="true"\/>\n <param name="candidate-ice" value="true"\/>\n <param name="candidate-ice-flavor" value="ice-lite"\/>\n <param name="turn-server" value="turn.example.com:3478"\/>\n <param name="turn-user" value="freeswitch_relay"\/>\n <param name="turn-password" value="your_password_here"\/>\n <\/settings>\n<\/profile><\/code><\/pre>\n\u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n \ncandidate-ice=true<\/code>\uff1a\u542f\u7528ICE\u5019\u9009\u6536\u96c6<\/li>\ncandidate-ice-flavor=ice-lite<\/code>\uff1aFreeSWITCH\u4f5c\u4e3a\u88ab\u53eb\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528ICE-Lite\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u7aef\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u5019\u9009\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u68c0\u67e5<\/li>\nturn-server<\/code>\uff1aTURN\u4e2d\u7ee7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740<\/li>\nturn-user\/turn-password<\/code>\uff1acoturn\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u51ed\u8bc1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u7528FreeSWITCH\u539f\u751f\u4ee3\u7406<\/h3>\nFreeSWITCH\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684RTP\u4ee3\u7406\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u7ecfFreeSWITCH\uff1a<\/p>\n <!-- \u5728SIP Profile\u4e2d\u542f\u7528 force-rtp-bridge \u53c2\u6570 -->\n<param name="force-rtp-bridge" value="true"\/>\n\n<!-- \u6216\u8005\u5728Dialplan\u4e2d\u5f3a\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f -->\n<action application="set" data="proxy_media=false"\/>\n<action application="set" data="bypass_media=false"\/><\/code><\/pre>\n\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n \n- FreeSWITCH\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u5728NAT\u540e<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679cFreeSWITCH\u5728NAT\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u5185\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u6839\u672c\u7684NAT\u7a7f\u900f<\/li>\n
- \u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f3a\u5236\u4ee3\u7406\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0CPU\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0cFreeSWITCH\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u5c01\u88c5\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u5c01\u88c5RTP\u5305<\/li>\n
- \u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1aFreeSWITCH\u4ee3\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9PBX\u6b63\u786e\u6536\u5230RTP\u5305\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u6839\u6e90\u5728NAT\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u5a92\u4f53\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u7684TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4fee\u590d\u6548\u679c<\/h2>\n\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u6293\u5305\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a<\/p>\n # \u6293\u5305\u5206\u6790RTP\u6d41\ntshark -r \/tmp\/freeswitch_after_fix.pcap -q -z rtp,streams\n\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\n# == RTP Streams ==\n# Src Address Src Port Dst Address Dst Port SSRC Pkts Lost\n# 10.1.2.100 18000 58.215.x.x 50000 0x8A3F2E1B 1523 0\n# 58.215.x.x 50000 10.1.2.100 18000 0x8A3F2E1B 1523 0<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4e24\u8fb9\u5305\u6570\u4e00\u81f4\u4e86\uff0c\u90fd\u662f1523\u4e2a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e22\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n \u518d\u68c0\u67e5TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u5a92\u4f53\u6d41\u786e\u5b9e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e2d\u7ee7\uff1a<\/p>\n # coturn\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5728\/var\/log\/turnserver\u6216syslog\uff09\ngrep "freeswitch_relay" \/var\/log\/turnserver\/turnserver.log | tail -20\n\n# \u8f93\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\n# 2024-01-15 02:30:15.456 TCP\/UDP connection opened: lifetime=600 sec, \n# user=freeswitch_relay, blind=58.215.x.x:50000 <-> 203.0.113.50:18000<\/code><\/pre>\n\u901a\u8bdd\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n # \u5728FreeSWITCH\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u53d1\u8d77\u6d4b\u8bd5\u547c\u53eb\noriginate user\/1001 &echo\n\n# \u68c0\u67e5RTP\u8d28\u91cf\u6307\u6807\nsofia status profile internal\n\n# \u6216\u4f7f\u7528sngrep\u6293\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574SIP\u6d41\u7a0b\u786e\u8ba4ICE\u534f\u5546\u6210\u529f\nsngrep -i<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u540e\u7eed\u4f18\u5316<\/h2>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u5931\u6548<\/h3>\n\n- \n
TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u540e\u9762<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679cTURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5728NAT\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u90a3\u5a92\u4f53\u6d41\u8fd8\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u4e2d\u7ee7\u3002\u786e\u4fddTURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6709\u516c\u7f51IP\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4ece300\u901a\/\u5929\u589e\u957f\u52303000\u901a\/\u5929\uff09\uff0c\u5355\u53f0TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6a2a\u5411\u6269\u5c55coturn\u96c6\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5b8c\u5168\u963b\u65adUDP<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u5c01\u9501\u4e86UDP 3478\u7aef\u53e3\uff0cTURN\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u6548\u3002TCP\u4e2d\u7ee7\u662f\u6700\u540e\u7684\u515c\u5e95\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
TURN\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8fc7\u671f<\/strong>\uff1acoturn\u7684long-term credentials\u673a\u5236\u6709lifetime\u9650\u5236\uff0cstale-nonce=600<\/code>\u610f\u5473\u7740nonce\u5728600\u79d2\u540e\u4f1a\u8fc7\u671f\u3002\u5982\u679cFreeSWITCH\u548ccoturn\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\u957f\u671f\u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae<\/h3>\n\n- \n
\u8003\u8651WebRTC\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u6765\u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u652f\u6301\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7aef\u63a5\u5165\uff0cWebRTC\u539f\u751f\u652f\u6301ICE\u548cTURN\uff0c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u76d1\u63a7TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\uff1a\u90e8\u7f72Prometheus + Grafana\u76d1\u63a7coturn\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u548c\u5e26\u5bbd\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n# Prometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff08coturn_exporter\uff09\n- job_name: 'coturn'\n static_configs:\n - targets: ['localhost:9641'] # coturn\u81ea\u5e26\u7684Prometheus metrics\u7aef\u70b9\n metrics_path: \/metrics<\/code><\/pre>\n\n- \u4e0e\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u534f\u5546NAT\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u8ba9\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u628a\u90a3\u53f0PBX\u7684\u51fa\u53e3NAT\u6539\u6210\u9525\u5f62NAT\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed9PBX\u5206\u914d\u516c\u7f51IP\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8981\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u7aefPBX\u5347\u7ea7<\/h3>\n\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6765\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5347\u7ea7B\u5730\u7684PBX\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u9009\u578b\u65f6\u5173\u6ce8\uff1a<\/p>\n \n\n\n| \u529f\u80fd<\/th>\n | \u6700\u4f4e\u8981\u6c42<\/th>\n | \u63a8\u8350\u8981\u6c42<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n | \n\n| ICE\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n | ICE-Lite<\/td>\n | Full ICE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/td>\n | \u5185\u7f6eSTUN<\/td>\n | STUN + TURN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| NAT\u7a7f\u900f<\/td>\n | \u57fa\u7840NAT\u68c0\u6d4b<\/td>\n | \u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u56de\u9000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u5a92\u4f53\u7f16\u7801<\/td>\n | G.711<\/td>\n | G.711 + Opus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n\u590d\u76d8\u53cd\u601d<\/h2>\n\u4e8b\u540e\u60f3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u6545\u969c\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u6539\u4e86NAT\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u6392\u67e5\u65f6\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u6000\u7591PBX\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u505aSTUN\u7a7f\u900f\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u53bb\u6293SIP\u4fe1\u4ee4\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u80fd\u7701\u4e24\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u8bad\uff1a\u4f20\u7edfPBX\u5bf9\u63a5VoIP\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0cICE\u652f\u6301\u5ea6\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4f20\u7edfPBX\u4e0d\u652f\u6301ICE\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6d89\u53ca\u8de8NAT\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u9760TURN\u515c\u5e95\u3002<\/p>\n \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u6bd4\u6280\u672f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7528\u6237\u7b49\u4e0d\u4e86\u4f60\u6162\u6162\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u6211\u5148\u8ba9\u503c\u73ed\u4eba\u5458\u624b\u52a8\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5907\u7528\u7ebf\u8def\uff08\u4f20\u7edf\u7684PSTN\u4e2d\u7ee7\uff09\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7535\u8bdd\u80fd\u901a\uff0c\u518d\u6162\u6162\u6392\u67e5IP\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u901f\u67e5<\/h2>\n# \u6293\u5305\ntcpdump -i any -nn 'port 5060 or (udp and udp[4:2] >= 10000 and udp[4:2] <= 20000)' -w capture.pcap\n\n# STUN\u6d4b\u8bd5\nstunclient -v stun.example.com 3478\n\n# TURN\u6d4b\u8bd5\nturnutils_uclient -u user -w pass -t turn.example.com\n\n# RTP\u6d41\u5206\u6790\ntshark -r capture.pcap -q -z rtp,streams\n\n# FreeSWITCH SIP\u72b6\u6001\nsofia status profile internal<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u573a\u666f\u6d89\u53ca\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684SIP\u5206\u7ea7\u843d\u5730\uff08VoIP\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u63a5\u591a\u7ea7\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u7aef\u662fH.323\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u5173\u6ce8H.245\u96a7\u9053\u548cNAT ALG\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5751\u4e86\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" FreeSWITCH\u5bf9\u63a5\u4f20\u7edfPBX\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u5728NAT\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u5355\u5411\u901a\u8bdd\u6216\u65e0\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u6392\u67e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4eceSTUN\u7ed1\u5b9a\u54cd\u5e94\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u7aef\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u8def\u5f84\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u590d\u76d8\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u94fe\uff1aSDP\u89e3\u6790\u2192ICE\u5019\u9009\u4ea4\u6362\u2192STUN Binding\u2192\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u5224\u5b9a\u2192TURN\u4e2d\u7ee7\u56de\u9000\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5256\u6790\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6700\u7ec8\u9009\u4e86TURN\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[13,511,470,425,428,429,14,301],"class_list":["post-785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-freeswitch","tag-freeswitch","tag-ice","tag-nat","tag-rtp","tag-stun","tag-turn","tag-voip","tag-301"],"views":21,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=785"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/785\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":787,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/785\/revisions\/787"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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