{"id":786,"date":"2026-04-09T13:44:03","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T05:44:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/?p=786"},"modified":"2026-04-09T13:44:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T05:44:03","slug":"huawei-firewall-sip-alg-nat-interference-troubleshooting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/?p=786","title":{"rendered":"\u534e\u4e3a\u9632\u706b\u5899SIP ALG\u4e8eNAT\u540e\u7684SIP\u5934\u7684\u7231\u6068\u60c5\u4ec7\uff1a\u4e00\u6b21\u4ece\u6293\u5305\u5230\u914d\u7f6e\u7ed5\u8fc7\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u590d\u76d8"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2aVoIP\u5e73\u53f0\u9879\u76ee\uff0cFreeSWITCH\u8dd1\u5728\u534e\u4e3aUSG6550E\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u5185\u4fa7\uff0c\u548c\u591a\u5bb6\u516c\u7f51SIP\u5bf9\u7aef\u5bf9\u63a5\u3002\u5bf9\u7aef\u6709Asterisk\u3001\u534e\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684IP\u7535\u8bdd\u7f51\u5173\u3001\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5382\u5546\u7684IAD\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u90e8\u7f72\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0cFreeSWITCH\u6ce8\u518c\u5230\u516c\u7f51registrar\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u901a\u8bdd\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3b\u53ebINVITE\u53d1\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u7aef\u80fd\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u5bf9\u7aef\u56de183 Session Progress\uff0c\u4f46FreeSWITCH\u8fd9\u8fb9ACK\u8fdf\u8fdf\u4e0d\u6765\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u7aef\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u53d1INVITE<\/li>\n<li>\u88ab\u53eb\u4fa7\u66f4\u8be1\u5f02\uff1aBYE\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b63\u5e38\u6536\u5230\u5e76\u56de\u4e86200 OK\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8bdd\u5728FreeSWITCH\u4fa7\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u91ca\u653e\uff0cRTP\u6d41\u8fd8\u5728\u8dd1<\/li>\n<li>\u5750\u5e2d\u770bPortal\u53d1\u73b0\u901a\u8bdd\u72b6\u6001\u5361\u4f4f\uff0c\u624b\u52a8\u8e22\u4eba\u90fd\u8e22\u4e0d\u6389<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ece\u73b0\u8c61\u770b\uff0cNAT\u8f6c\u6362\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u505a\uff08Contact\u5934\u88ab\u6539\u6210\u4e86\u516c\u7f51IP\uff09\uff0c\u4f46SIP\u6d88\u606f\u91cc\u7684Via\u3001Record-Route\u3001Max-Forwards\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684IP\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u51fa\u53e3IP\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u516c\u7f51\u5bf9\u7aef\u56de\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u54cd\u5e94\u9001\u5230\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<p>\u5148\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u73af\u5883\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u534e\u4e3aUSG6550E\uff0c\u7248\u672cUSG V500R019C00SPC500<\/li>\n<li>FreeSWITCH 1.10.9\uff0c\u8dd1\u5728\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5185\u7f51DMZ\u533a\uff0cIP 10.10.20.100<\/li>\n<li>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5185\u7f51\u53e3\u63a5DMZ\uff1a10.10.20.254\uff0cPAT\u5230\u516c\u7f51\u51fa\u53e3IP 203.0.113.50<\/li>\n<li>\u516c\u7f51\u5bf9\u7aefregistrar\/proxy\u5730\u5740\u5404\u5f02\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u660e\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u7aef\u53ea\u652f\u6301RFC 3261\u7684\u65e7\u5b50\u96c6\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u4e4b\u524d\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u9a8c\u662f\u534e\u4e3a\u9632\u706b\u5899IPSec VPN\u7684RTP\u6d41\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7248\u672c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff1a<strong>\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u6389\u6240\u6709SIP\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u51e0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7aef\u662f\u79fb\u52a8\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u4fa7\u7684SIP\u7f51\u5173\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f9d\u8d56ALG\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u79c1\u7f51\u7a7f\u900f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5168\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u7aef\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u6280\u672f\u5224\u65ad\uff1a\u4ece\u6293\u5305\u5f00\u59cb<\/h2>\n<h3>\u6293\u5305\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9009\u62e9<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540c\u65f6\u6293\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u94fe\u8def\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash language-bash bash\"># \u4f4d\u7f6e1\uff1aFreeSWITCH\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u6293eth0\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4NAT\u524d\u540e\ntcpdump -i eth0 -nn &#039;host 10.10.20.100 and (udp port 5060 or udp range 16384-32768)&#039; -w \/tmp\/fs_inner.pcap &amp;\n\n# \u4f4d\u7f6e2\uff1a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u516c\u7f51\u53e3\u955c\u50cf\uff08\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5728\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u7aef\u53e3\u955c\u50cf\uff09\n# \u5047\u8bbe\u516c\u7f51\u51fa\u53e3\u662fGigabitEthernet0\/0\/3\n# \u5728\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4fa7\u505a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u770bNAT\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5305\ndisplay firewall session table destination global 203.0.113.50 protocol udp 5060\ndisplay firewall session table destination global 203.0.113.50 protocol udp 16384-32768<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>SIP\u6d88\u606f\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n<p>\u628a\u5185\u7f51\u6293\u7684pcap\u548c\u516c\u7f51\u955c\u50cf\u7684pcap\u7528Wireshark\u53e0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u770b\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5dee\u5f02\u5c31\u5728SIP\u5934\u91cc\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5185\u7f51\u53d1\u51fa\u7684INVITE\uff0810.10.20.100 -&gt; \u516c\u7f51\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>Via: SIP\/2.0\/UDP 10.10.20.100:5060;branch=z9hG4bK-xxx;rport\nContact: &lt;sip:1000@10.10.20.100:5060&gt;\n  \uff08FreeSWITCH\u7684NAT\u6a21\u5757\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6539Contact\u4e3a\u516c\u7f51IP\uff0c\u4f46Via\u91cc\u7684rport\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u516c\u7f51\u4fa7\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u51fa\u7684INVITE<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>Via: SIP\/2.0\/UDP 203.0.113.50:5060;branch=z9hG4bK-xxx;received=203.0.113.50;rport=5060\nContact: &lt;sip:1000@203.0.113.50:5060&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u516c\u7f51\u5bf9\u7aef\u56de\u8fc7\u6765\u7684ACK\uff08\u53d1\u5230Via\u91cc\u586b\u7684rport=5060\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>ACK sip:1000@203.0.113.50:5060 SIP\/2.0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u51fa\u5728\uff1a<strong>ALG\u5728\u6539\u5199Via\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u628aVia\u91cc\u7684IP\u4ece10.10.20.100\u6539\u6210\u4e86203.0.113.50\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86received\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\u3002\u5bf9\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2aACK\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u628aACK\u53d1\u5230203.0.113.50:5060\u3002\u9632\u706b\u5899\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2aACK\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cNAT\u8868\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u56e0\u4e3aALG\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8868\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\u89c4\u5219\uff09\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4ACK\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>NAT\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8868\u548cALG\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8868\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u5173\u952e\u8bc1\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash language-bash bash\"># \u67e5\u770bALG\u521b\u5efa\u7684SIP\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff08ALG\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8868\u548c\u666e\u901aNAT\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8868\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\uff09\ndisplay firewall alg session\n# \u8f93\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff1a\n# SIP Internal: 10.10.20.100:5060 -&gt; Public: 203.0.113.50:5060\n# ALG Media: 16384 -&gt; 203.0.113.50:30000 (RTP\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04)\n\n# \u5bf9\u6bd4\u666e\u901aNAT\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8868\ndisplay firewall session table verbose\n# \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u91cc\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u548cALG\u8868\u7684\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\n# ALG\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u662f5060\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645PAT\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u88ab\u6539\u6210\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u503c<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u534e\u4e3a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684SIP ALG\u5728\u505a\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6539\u5199\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5148\u4e8eNAT\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u5206\u914d\u51b3\u7b56\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>FreeSWITCH\u53d1\u51faSIP\u6d88\u606f\uff0cNAT\u6a21\u5757\u5148\u505a\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362<\/li>\n<li>ALG\u6a21\u5757\u5728NAT\u4e4b\u540e\u8bfb\u53d6SIP\u5934\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0Contact\/Via\u9700\u8981\u6539\u5199<\/li>\n<li>ALG\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u7684&#8221;\u5185\u7f51IP:PORT&#8221;\u662f\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u62a5\u6587\u91cc\u62ff\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6NAT\u5df2\u7ecf\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u516c\u7f51IP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3<\/li>\n<li>ALG\u5728\u6539\u5199\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\u8868\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u4e0a\u8ddfPAT\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7aef\u53e3\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5728\u534e\u4e3aUSG V500R019C00SPC500\u4e0a\u662f\u4e2a\u5df2\u77e5\u884c\u4e3a\u2014\u2014<strong>ALG\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\u7f13\u5b58\u548cPAT\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u670910-30\u79d2\u7684\u5237\u65b0\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a97\u53e3\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u5bf9\u7aef\u53d1\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4f1a\u9001\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6e05\u695aALG\u662f\u6839\u56e0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86\u4e09\u6761\u8def\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3>\u65b9\u6848\u4e00\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u7981\u7528SIP ALG<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash language-bash bash\"># \u5728USG6550E\u4e0a\nundo firewall alg sip enable<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u9009\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u79fb\u52a8\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u5bf9\u7aef\u4f9d\u8d56ALG\u505a\u79c1\u7f51\u7a7f\u900f\u3002\u7981\u7528\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7aef\u4fa7\u53d1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684REGISTER\u6d88\u606f\u91cc\u7684Via\u548cContact\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u6539\u5199\uff0cregistrar\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6ce8\u518c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u62d2\u7edd\u547c\u53eb\u3002\u5b9e\u6d4b\u7981\u7528\u540e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7aef\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u6210\u529f\u7387\u4ece98%\u6389\u5230\u4e860%\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u65b9\u6848\u4e8c\uff1a\u628aFreeSWITCH\u7684SIP\u7aef\u53e3\u4ece5060\u6539\u5230\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u7aef\u53e3<\/h3>\n<p>\u601d\u8def\u662f\u8ba9ALG\u4e0d\u8981\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u9760FreeSWITCH\u81ea\u5df1\u7684NAT\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u9009\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6539\u7aef\u53e3\u6d89\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u7aef\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u6587\u6863\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cf\u592a\u5927\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u534e\u4e3a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684ALG\u662f\u6309\u534f\u8bae\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u7aef\u53e3\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4f7f\u6539\u4e865060\u52308060\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u534f\u8bae\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3aSIP\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u88abALG\u5904\u7406\u3002\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u65b9\u6848\u4e09\uff08\u6700\u7ec8\u65b9\u6848\uff09\uff1a\u8c03\u6574ALG\u914d\u7f6e + FreeSWITCH\u4fa7\u5bf9\u9f50<\/h3>\n<p>\u5206\u4e24\u6b65\u8d70\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u8c03\u6574\u534e\u4e3a\u9632\u706b\u5899ALG\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash language-bash bash\"># \u8fdb\u5165\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u89c6\u56fe\nsystem-view\n\n# \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524dALG\u72b6\u6001\ndisplay firewall alg sip\n# \u8f93\u51fa\u5e94\u663e\u793a\uff1aALG Status: Enabled, Detect Timeout: 180s, Media Timeout: 3600s\n\n# \u5173\u952e\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a\u5173\u95edALG\u7684\u81ea\u52a8Via\/Contact\u6539\u5199\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u53ea\u505a\u57fa\u672c\u7684SDP\u66ff\u6362\nfirewall alg sip self-checking disable\n# self-checking\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u8ba9ALG\u4e0d\u518d\u5f3a\u5236\u6821\u9a8cVia\/Contact\u91ccIP\u662f\u5426\u548cNAT\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7684IP\u4e00\u81f4\n\n# \u6216\u8005\u66f4\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u53ea\u5173\u6389ALG\u5bf9Via\u5934\u7684\u6539\u5199\nfirewall alg sip via-field rewrite disable\n\n# \u4fdd\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e\ncommit<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009self-checking disable\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6539Via\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><code>self-checking disable<\/code>\u7684\u6548\u679c\u662f\u8ba9ALG\u4e0d\u518d\u5f3a\u5236\u5728Via\u91cc\u8ffd\u52a0<code>received=<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559SDP\u91cc\u7684RTP IP\u66ff\u6362\uff08\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5a92\u4f53\u6d41NAT\u7a7f\u8d8a\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff09\u3002\u5b9e\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u4e0a\u80fd\u8ba9\u5bf9\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u7684ACK\u8def\u7531\u6062\u590d\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u5728FreeSWITCH\u4fa7\u5bf9\u9f50NAT\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>FreeSWITCH\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u91cc\uff0cNAT\u6a21\u5757\u9700\u8981\u548c\u9632\u706b\u5899ALG\u7684\u6539\u5199\u7b56\u7565\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash language-bash bash\"># \u8def\u5f84\uff1aconf\/sip_profiles\/external.xml\uff08\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5bf9\u5916profile\uff09\n# \u4fee\u6539\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53c2\u6570\n\n# \u5173\u95edFreeSWITCH\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9Contact\u5934\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u516c\u7f51IP\u66ff\u6362\n# \u56e0\u4e3a\u9632\u706b\u5899ALG\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u505a\u4e86\uff0cFreeSWITCH\u518d\u6539\u4e00\u904d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cc\u91cd\u6539\u5199\n&lt;param name=&quot;ext-rtp-ip&quot; value=&quot;auto&quot;\/&gt;\n&lt;param name=&quot;ext-sip-ip&quot; value=&quot;10.10.20.100&quot;\/&gt;\n&lt;!-- \u5173\u952e\uff1aext-sip-ip\u4e0d\u8981\u8bbe\u6210\u516c\u7f51IP\uff0c\u8ba9FreeSWITCH\u4e0d\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u6539Contact --&gt;\n\n# \u6253\u5f00NAT\u68c0\u6d4b\n&lt;param name=&quot;nat-options-ping&quot; value=&quot;true&quot;\/&gt;\n\n# \u9a8c\u8bc1FreeSWITCH\u7684NAT\u6a21\u5757\u53d1\u51fa\u7684REGISTER\u662f\u5426\u5e26\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7684Contact\n# \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728FreeSWITCH\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u770b\uff1a\nsofia status profile internal\nsofia profile internal siptrace on  # \u6253\u5f00SIP\u8ffd\u8e2a\u65e5\u5fd7<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u6a21\u5757\u8fb9\u754c\uff1aALG\u5728\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u91cc\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3ALG\u5e72\u6270\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u5728\u534f\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u94fe\u91cc\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u534e\u4e3a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u5904\u7406\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>\u5165\u7ad9\u62a5\u6587\uff1a\n  1. \u63a5\u6536 -&gt; 2. \u5339\u914d\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565(ACL) -&gt; 3. \u76ee\u7684NAT -&gt; 4. ALG\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u68c0\u6d4b\/\u6539\u5199 -&gt; 5. \u6e90NAT -&gt; 6. \u8f6c\u53d1\n\n\u51fa\u7ad9\u62a5\u6587\uff1a\n  1. \u63a5\u6536 -&gt; 2. \u5339\u914d\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565(ACL) -&gt; 3. \u6e90NAT -&gt; 4. ALG\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u68c0\u6d4b\/\u6539\u5199 -&gt; 5. \u76ee\u7684NAT -&gt; 6. \u8f6c\u53d1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>ALG\u5728NAT\u4e4b\u540e\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u534e\u4e3a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4f46\u5728SIP\u8fd9\u4e2a\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0cALG\u5bf9Via\u548cContact\u7684\u6539\u5199\u53d1\u751f\u5728NAT\u8f6c\u6362\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4ALG\u770b\u5230\u7684&#8221;\u5185\u7f51\u5730\u5740&#8221;\u548cNAT\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7684&#8221;\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740&#8221;\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u6620\u5c04\u65f6\u5dee\u3002SIP\u534f\u8bae\u91ccVia\u5934\u662f\u7528\u6765\u505a\u8def\u7531\u7684\uff08RFC 3261 \uff09\uff0cALG\u6539\u5199Via\u65f6\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u611f\u77e5NAT\u8868\u91cc\u5b9e\u9645\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u8def\u7531\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0e\u6269\u5c55\u6027<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\uff1a<strong>FreeSWITCH\u7684NAT\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u9632\u706b\u5899ALG\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8c01\u6765\u4e3b\u5bfcContact\u5934\u6539\u5199\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a<\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u679cFreeSWITCH\u81ea\u5df1\u6539\u4e86Contact\u4e3a\u516c\u7f51IP\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9632\u706b\u5899ALG\u53c8\u6539\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u5bf9\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u7684Contact\u5c31\u4f1a\u662f\u53cc\u91cdNAT\u540e\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u540e\u63a5\u5165\u65b0\u7684SIP\u5bf9\u7aef\uff0c\u8981\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u5bf9\u7aef\u4fa7\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u6709NAT\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u7aef\u662f\u7eaf\u516c\u7f51\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9FreeSWITCH\u7528<code>ext-sip-ip=auto<\/code>\u8ba9FreeSWITCH\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u7406Contact\u6539\u5199\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u7aef\u4e5f\u5728NAT\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u9632\u706b\u5899ALG\u4ecb\u5165\u3002<strong>\u4e24\u79cd\u573a\u666f\u6df7\u8dd1\u65f6\uff0c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4fa7\u8981\u5f00ALG\u4f46\u5173self-checking\uff0cFreeSWITCH\u4fa7\u5bf9\u6240\u6709profile\u7edf\u4e00\u8bbeext-sip-ip\u4e3a\u5185\u7f51\u5730\u5740<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u6f14\u8fdb\u8def\u7ebf<\/h2>\n<p>\u77ed\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c<code>self-checking disable<\/code>\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5728V500R019C00SPC500\u4e0a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u6362\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7248\u672c\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u6d4b\u3002\u4e2d\u671f\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u534e\u4e3a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5347\u7ea7\u5230\u652f\u6301SIP ALG\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u5bf9\u7aef\u57df\u540d\u6216IP\u5730\u5740\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684ALG\u7b56\u7565<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679cSIP\u5bf9\u7aef\u5168\u90e8\u652f\u6301ICE\uff08Interactive Connectivity Establishment\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5728FreeSWITCH\u4fa7\u5f00\u542fICE\uff0c\u8ba9\u5a92\u4f53\u6d41\u7ed5\u8fc7\u9632\u706b\u5899ALG\uff0cALG\u5c31\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u4e0a\u7ebf\u540e\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h2>\n<p>\u6539\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u8fd9\u5957\u547d\u4ee4\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash language-bash bash\"># 1. \u786e\u8ba4ALG\u914d\u7f6e\u751f\u6548\ndisplay firewall alg sip\n# \u786e\u8ba4 self-checking: disabled\n\n# 2. \u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u901a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u547c\u53eb\uff0c\u7528\u5185\u7f51\u6293\u5305\ntcpdump -i eth0 &#039;udp port 5060&#039; -nn | grep -E &quot;INVITE|ACK|BYE|200 OK&quot; | head -40\n\n# 3. \u5728\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4fa7\u786e\u8ba4\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8868\u6b63\u5e38\ndisplay firewall session table verbose protocol sip\n# \u786e\u8ba4\u516c\u7f51\u4fa7IP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0e\u5185\u7f51\u4fa7\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u65e0\u5f02\u5e38\u7aef\u53e3\u504f\u79fb\n\n# 4. \u786e\u8ba4RTP\u6d41\u6b63\u5e38\uff08\u901a\u8bdd\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\u5728\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e0a\u770b\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff09\ndisplay firewall session table destination global 203.0.113.50 protocol udp 16384-32768\n# \u786e\u8ba4\u5a92\u4f53\u6d41\u5728\u901a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\uff0cBYE\u4e4b\u540e\u6d88\u5931\n\n# 5. \u786e\u8ba4\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u5bf9\u7aef\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u72b6\u6001\u672a\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\nsofia status | grep -E &quot;REGISTER|FAIL|OK&quot; | tail -20\n# \u786e\u8ba4\u6ce8\u518c\u6210\u529f\u4e14TTL\u6b63\u5e38\u5237\u65b0<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\u5f53\u524d\u65b9\u6848\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7248\u672c\u5347\u7ea7\u540eself-checking\u53c2\u6570\u884c\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8<\/strong>\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u53ea\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u5f00\u5173\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u9700\u8981\u5347\u7ea7\u524d\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u5148\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5bf9\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u591a\u7ea7Via\u5934\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2aproxy\u8f6c\u53d1\uff09<\/strong>\uff1aALG\u53ea\u6539\u6700\u9876\u7aef\u7684Via\uff0c\u591a\u7ea7Via\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u8def\u7531\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u9519\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ea\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7981\u7528ALG\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e24\u7aef\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u7406NAT<\/li>\n<li><strong>FreeSWITCH\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u79f0NAT\uff08Symmetric NAT\uff09\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u65b9\u6848\u57fa\u4e8e\u7aef\u53e3\u53d7\u9650\u5706\u9525NAT\u6d4b\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bf9\u79f0NAT\u9700\u8981STUN\/TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u5408\uff0cALG\u4e5f\u5e2e\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5fd9<\/li>\n<li><strong>B2BUA\uff08\u80cc\u9760\u80cc\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\uff09\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679cFreeSWITCH\u540c\u65f6\u505aUA\u548cProxy\u53cc\u91cd\u89d2\u8272\uff0cContact\u6539\u5199\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u4e24\u5957\u903b\u8f91\uff0cALG\u548cFreeSWITCH\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u90fd\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u5bf9\u9f50<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n<p>\u6539\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9879<\/th>\n<th>\u6539\u524d<\/th>\n<th>\u6539\u540e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>INVITE\u5230\u8fbe\u5bf9\u7aef<\/td>\n<td>\u2713<\/td>\n<td>\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5bf9\u7aefACK\u5230\u8fbeFreeSWITCH<\/td>\n<td>\u2717 \u8d85\u65f6\u4e22<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 2\u79d2\u5185\u5230<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>BYE\u540e\u901a\u8bdd\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<td>\u2717 \u5361\u4f4f30\u79d2<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 3\u79d2\u5185\u91ca\u653e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u5bf9\u7aef\u6ce8\u518c\u6210\u529f\u7387<\/td>\n<td>0%<\/td>\n<td>97%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RTP\u6d41\u901a\u8bdd\u8d28\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>MOS 2.1<\/td>\n<td>MOS 4.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u5bf9\u7aef\u6ca1\u5230100%\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aIAD\u8bbe\u5907\u56fa\u4ef6\u7248\u672c\u592a\u8001\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301RFC 3261\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6269\u5c55\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u534f\u8c03\u8bbe\u5907\u5347\u7ea7\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FreeSWITCH\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u534e\u4e3a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u540e\uff0c\u516c\u7f51\u5bf9\u7aef\u80fd\u6536\u5230INVITE\u4f46ACK\u603b\u4e22\uff0cBYE\u4e4b\u540e\u901a\u8bdd\u8fd8\u4e0d\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u6293\u5305\u4e00\u770b\uff0cNAT\u5df2\u7ecf\u6539\u4e86Contact\u5934\uff0c\u4f46Via\u548cRecord-Route\u91cc\u7684IP\u5374\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u51fa\u53e3\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684SIP ALG\u5728\u6539\u5199\u65f6\u5e8f\u548c\u6539\u5199\u8303\u56f4\u4e0a\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u81ea\u5df1\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u7981\u7528\u5b83\u53c8\u6015\u5f71\u54cd\u5bf9\u7aefNAT\u7a7f\u8d8a\u3002\u6700\u540e\u9760\u6293\u5305\u5b9a\u4f4dALG\u7684\u6539\u5199\u76f2\u533a\uff0c\u624b\u52a8\u5728SIP\u914d\u7f6e\u91cc\u5bf9\u9f50NAT\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,426,468],"tags":[13,427,686,501,687,550],"class_list":["post-786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-freeswitch","category-voip","category-468","tag-freeswitch","tag-nat","tag-sip-alg","tag-voip","tag-usg","tag-550"],"views":23,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/786","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=786"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/786\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":796,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/786\/revisions\/796"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=786"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=786"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=786"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}