{"id":868,"date":"2026-04-18T13:32:52","date_gmt":"2026-04-18T05:32:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/?p=868"},"modified":"2026-04-18T13:32:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-18T05:32:52","slug":"cplusplus-profiling-tool-comparison-perf-gprof-valgrind","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.liaoxinghui.com\/?p=868","title":{"rendered":"C++\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u9009\u578b\uff1aperf\/gprof\/Valgrind\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d6\u820d"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>C++\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u9009\u578b\uff1aperf\/gprof\/Valgrind\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d6\u820d<\/h1>\n<h2>\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u6838\u5fc3\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ea4\u6613\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdfAPI\u670d\u52a1\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u7c7b\u573a\u666f\u5bf9profiling\u5de5\u5177\u7684overhead\u6781\u5176\u654f\u611f\u3002\u9009\u9519\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u96ea\u5d29\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u77db\u76fe<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Valgrind\u6570\u636e\u6700\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46overhead\u9ad8\u8fbe50-100\u500d\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528<\/li>\n<li>perf overhead\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u91c7\u6837\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u654f\u611f\u573a\u666f\u53ef\u80fd\u6f0f\u6389\u5076\u53d1\u70ed\u70b9<\/li>\n<li>gprof\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u4e2d\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u6b8b\u7f3a\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u573a\u666f1\uff1a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u654f\u611f\u670d\u52a1\uff08P99 &lt; 5ms\uff09<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u63a8\u8350\uff1aperf stat + perf record\uff08\u91c7\u6837\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u7528Valgrind<\/strong>\uff1aValgrind\u7528\u6307\u4ee4\u6a21\u62df\u6267\u884c\uff0coverhead 50-100\u500d\u3002\u67d0\u4ea4\u6613\u670d\u52a1\u5b9e\u6d4b\uff0cValgrind\u8dd1\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4ece0.8ms\u66b4\u589e\u523085ms\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89e6\u53d1\u8d85\u65f6\u544a\u8b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u7528gprof<\/strong>\uff1agprof\u57fa\u4e8eITIMER_PROF\u5b9a\u65f6\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7edf\u8ba1\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u6253\u65ad\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\u3002\u67d04\u7ebf\u7a0bHTTP\u670d\u52a1\uff0cgprof\u62a5\u544a&#8221;main\u51fd\u6570\u536080%\u65f6\u95f4&#8221;\u2014\u2014\u5b9e\u9645\u70ed\u70b9\u5728pthread\u9501\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46gprof\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>perf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6PMU\u91c7\u6837\uff0coverhead\u901a\u5e38&lt;5%\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash language-bash bash\"># \u5148\u7528stat\u770b\u5168\u5c40\u6307\u6807\uff0coverhead&lt;3%\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6253\u7206\u670d\u52a1\nperf stat -p \n&lt;pid&gt; -- sleep 30\n\n# \u91c7\u6837\u6293\u70ed\u70b9\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u654f\u611f\u573a\u666f\u5efa\u8bae\u964d\u91c7\u6837\u7387\nperf record -F 49 -p \n&lt;pid&gt; -g -- sleep 30\n\n# \u751f\u6210\u706b\u7130\u56fe\nperf script -i perf.data | .\/stackcollapse-perf.pl | .\/flamegraph.pl &gt; profile.svg<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5751\uff1a\u91c7\u6837\u6f0f\u6389\u5076\u53d1\u70ed\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u75c7\u72b6\uff1a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6bdb\u523a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u4e1a\u52a1\u65b9\u660e\u786e\u611f\u77e5<\/li>\n<li>\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u70ed\u70b9\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4&lt;\u91c7\u6837\u95f4\u9694<\/li>\n<li>\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u4e34\u65f6\u63d0\u9ad8\u91c7\u6837\u7387 <code>perf record -F 999<\/code>\uff08overhead\u589e\u52a0\uff09\u6216\u7528PMU\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f4\u63a5\u89e6\u53d1 <code>perf record -e cycles:p<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u5751\uff1a\u706b\u7130\u56fe\u5168\u662fhex\u5730\u5740<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5\u8c03\u8bd5\u7b26\u53f7 <code>apt install linux-tools-$(uname -r)<\/code> \u6216\u624b\u52a8\u52a0\u8f7d\u7b26\u53f7 <code>perf buildid-cache -v \/path\/to\/binary<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u573a\u666f2\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\/\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u63a8\u8350\uff1aValgrind + callgrind\uff08\u6d4b\u8bd5\/\u9884\u53d1\u73af\u5883\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48perf\u4e0d\u591f\u7528<\/strong>\uff1aperf\u64c5\u957fCPU\u70ed\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u7528\u6d41\u5206\u6790\u3002perf\u7684mem-load\u91c7\u6837\u5728\u67d0\u4e9bCPU\u578b\u53f7\u4e0a\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash language-bash bash\"># \u5185\u5b58\u68c0\u67e5\uff08overhead ~20\u500d\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u7528\uff09\nvalgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full --track-origins=yes .\/your_service\n\n# \u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\uff08overhead ~50\u500d\uff0c\u4ec5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\uff09\nvalgrind --tool=callgrind --dump-instr=yes --simulate-cache=yes .\/your_service<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e25\u7981\u76f4\u63a5\u8dd1Valgrind\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u59ff\u52bf\u662f\uff1a\u6d41\u91cf\u56de\u653e\u590d\u5236\u5230\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883 \u2192 \u4f4e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u72b6\u6001\u8fd0\u884cValgrind \u2192 \u62ff\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6307\u5bfc\u751f\u4ea7\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5751\uff1aValgrind\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u5f52\u56e0\u5230glibc<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u75c7\u72b6\uff1aValgrind\u62a5\u544a\u5927\u91cf&#8221;Invalid read&#8221;\u5728glibc\u91cc<\/li>\n<li>\u539f\u56e0\uff1aValgrind\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u4f60\u4f20\u9012\u4e86\u975e\u6cd5\u6307\u9488\u7ed9glibc\uff0cglibc\u53ea\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u78b0\u58c1\u7684\u5730\u65b9<\/li>\n<li>\u6392\u67e5\uff1a\u770b\u62a5\u544a&#8221;Invalid read&#8221;\u4e0a\u65b93\u5c42\u8c03\u7528\u6808\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u573a\u666f3\uff1a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u70ed\u70b9\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u63a8\u8350\uff1aperf + \u706b\u7130\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>gprof\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7f3a\u9677<\/strong>\uff1agprof\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u72ec\u7acb\u8ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6\u6253\u65ad\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>perf\u600e\u4e48\u89e3\u51b3<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528 <code>-a<\/code>\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\uff09+ <code>-t<\/code>\uff08\u6309\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff09\uff0c\u62ff\u5230\u5168\u8c8c\u540e\u7528\u706b\u7130\u56fe\u805a\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash language-bash bash\"># \u5168\u7ebf\u7a0b\u91c7\u6837\nperf record -F 99 -a -g -- sleep 30\n\n# \u6309\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5206\u6790\nperf report -t<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570&gt;100\uff0cperf\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e22\u5931\u7387\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u964d\u91c7\u6837\u7387\u6216\u7528 <code>perf stat -a -A<\/code> \u6309PMU\u5206\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u5b8c\u6574\u53d6\u820d\u6848\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u80cc\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u67d0P99&lt;2ms\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4ecegprof\u5207\u5230perf\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\uff1a\u56e2\u961f\u7528gprof\u5206\u6790\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8ba2\u5355\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u62a5\u544a&#8221;\u4e3b\u5faa\u73af\u536085%\u65f6\u95f4&#8221;\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u4e3b\u5faa\u73af\u65e0\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u95ee\u9898\u8bc6\u522b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>gprof\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\u51fd\u6570\u5728<code>main<\/code>\u5468\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u74f6\u9888\u5728\u5f02\u6b65\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60<\/li>\n<li>\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u573a\u666f\u4e0bgprof\u6570\u636e\u7f6e\u4fe1\u5ea6&lt;30%\uff08\u5b9e\u64cd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u503c\uff09<\/li>\n<li>perf stat\u663e\u793aCPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u5df2\u7ecf100%\uff0c\u4f46gprof\u7684\u603b\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u670960%<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/th>\n<th>gprof<\/th>\n<th>perf<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u6b8b\u7f3a<\/td>\n<td>\u2705 \u5b8c\u6574<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u274c \u5206\u6563<\/td>\n<td>\u2705 \u805a\u5408<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>overhead<\/td>\n<td>~8%<\/td>\n<td>&lt;5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5f71\u54cd<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u63a7\u4f46\u4e0d\u51c6<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u63a7\u4e14\u51c6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u6700\u7ec8\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u5207\u6362\u5230perf + \u706b\u7130\u56fe\uff0c\u91c7\u6837\u7387\u4ece\u9ed8\u8ba4\u964d\u523049Hz\uff08\u907f\u514d\u5e72\u6270\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff09\uff0c\u91c7\u6837\u7a97\u53e360\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u771f\u5b9e\u70ed\u70b9\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230<code>pthread_mutex_lock<\/code>\u7ade\u4e89<\/li>\n<li>\u4f18\u5316\u540eP99\u4ece1.8ms\u964d\u52301.1ms<\/li>\n<li>perf\u91c7\u6837\u671f\u95f4P99\u6ce2\u52a8&lt;5%\uff08\u5728\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u51b3\u7b56\u77e9\u9635<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/th>\n<th>perf<\/th>\n<th>Valgrind<\/th>\n<th>gprof<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>overhead<\/td>\n<td>&lt;5%<\/td>\n<td>50-100x<\/td>\n<td>5-10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<td>\u5b8c\u6574<\/td>\n<td>\u5b8c\u6574<\/td>\n<td>\u6b8b\u7f3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u6790<\/td>\n<td>\u6709\u9650<\/td>\n<td>\u5b8c\u6574<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u91c7\u6837\u7cbe\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fd1\u4f3c<\/td>\n<td>\u7cbe\u786e<\/td>\n<td>\u7cbe\u786e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u80fd\u4e22\u5931<\/td>\n<td>\u5b8c\u6574<\/td>\n<td>\u5b8c\u6574<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u751f\u4ea7\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/td>\n<td>\u2705<\/td>\n<td>\u274c<\/td>\n<td>\u26a0\ufe0f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u53d6\u820d\u6743\u91cd\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u9879\u76ee\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\n<th>\u9996\u8981\u6743\u91cd<\/th>\n<th>\u63a8\u8350\u5de5\u5177<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5ef6\u8fdf\u654f\u611f\u578b\uff08P99&lt;5ms\uff09<\/td>\n<td>overhead<\/td>\n<td>perf\u4f4e\u91c7\u6837\u7387<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4f18\u5148\u578b\uff08\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574<\/td>\n<td>Valgrind\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/td>\n<td>\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<td>perf 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